The magnificent ancient city of pyramids at Caral in Peru hit the headlines in 2001. The site is a thousand years older than the earliest known civilisation in the Americas and, at 2,627 BC, is as old as the pyramids of Egypt. Many now believe it is the fabled missing link of archaeology - a 'mother city'. If so, then these extraordinary findings could finally answer one of the great questions of archaeology: why did humans become civilised? For over a century, archaeologists have been searching for what they call a mother city. Civilisation began in only six areas of the world: Egypt, Mesopotamia, India, China, Peru and Central America. In each of these regions people moved from small family units to build cities of thousands of people. They crossed the historic divide, one of the great moments in human history. Why? To find the answer archaeologists needed to find a mother city - the first stage of city-building. They couldn't find one anywhere. Everywhere this first stage seemed destroyed or built over. And so, instead, scientists developed a number of theories. Some said it was because of the development of trade, others that it was irrigation. Some even today believe it was all because of aliens. Gradually an uneasy consensus emerged. The key force common to all civilisations was warfare. The theory was that only the fear of war could motivate people to give up the simple life and form complex societies. To prove it, archaeologists still had to find a city from that very first stage of civilisation. If it showed signs of warfare, then the theory had to be true. When archaeologist Ruth Shady discovered her 5,000 year old city of pyramids in the Peruvian desert, all eyes were on the New World. Ruth's extraordinary city, known as Caral, is so much older than anything else in South America that it is a clear candidate to be the mother city. It also is in pristine condition. Nothing has been built on it at all. Instead laid out before the world is an elaborate complex of pyramids, temples, an amphitheatre and ordinary houses. Crucially, there is not the faintest trace of warfare at Caral; no battlements, no weapons, no mutilated bodies. Instead, Ruth's findings suggest it was a gentle society, built on commerce and pleasure. In one of the pyramids they uncovered beautiful flutes made from condor and pelican bones. They have also found evidence of a culture that took drugs and perhaps aphrodisiacs. Most stunning of all, they have found the remains of a baby, lovingly wrapped and buried with a precious necklace made of stone beads.
Studio: BBC Two
First Air Date: Feb 04, 1964
Last Air date: Jul 22, 2024
Episode: 1162 Episode
Season: 60 Season
Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 Full Episode Eng Dub,Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 Full Season hd quality,Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 Full Episode Eng Subtitle,Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 Full Episode Eng Dubbed,Watch Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 Full Season Online,Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 Full Episode free,Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 Full Episode download hd,Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 Full Episode free download,Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 Full Episode hd,Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 Full Episode online free no download,Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 Full Episode watch online free,Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 Full Episode download,Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 full Season,Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 Online,Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 Watch Online,Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 streaming,Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 movie,Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 Youtube full Season,HD version For Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 Full Episode,how to watch Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 in india,how to watch Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 for free,how to watch Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 online,Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 full Season sub english,how to watch Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 in hbo max,how to watch Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 in uk,how to watch Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 in canada,how to watch Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 early,how to watch Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 in ireland,how to watch Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 in malaysia,how to watch Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 full Season download in filmyzilla,how to watch Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 full Season download in 480p,how to watch Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 full Season filmywap,how to watch Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 full Season filmymeet,Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 full Episode telegram,Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 full Episode online,Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 full Episode download in dutch,Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 full Episode zip file download,Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 full Episode length,Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 full Episode sub australia,watch the Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 full Episode sub norwegia,Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 full Episode sub poland,Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 full Episode youtube,Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 full Episode 123movies,Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 full Episode tamil dubbed,Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 full Episode tamil free download isaimini,Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 full Episode torrent,Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 Episode trailer,Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 Episode budget,Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 Episode release date,Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 Episode locations,Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 Episode rating,Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 Episode review,Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 Episode score,Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 Episode cast,Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 Episode characters,Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 Episode storyline ,Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 ,movie Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 full Episode,movie Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 full,Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 the Episode ,when is the Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 Episode release,Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 Episode length,Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 Episode select,Movie Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 Music,trailer Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 ,Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 Episode plot,Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 Episode cast ,Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 Episode player ,Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 Episode pl,the Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 Episode cast,Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 Episode ,Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 Episode characters,Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 Episode release,reaction trailer Episode Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 ,Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 Episode reaction,spoiler Episode Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 ,sinopsis Episode Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 ,Season Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 Episode ,Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 Episode trailer ita,Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 Episode türkçe,Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 when the Episode will air, Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 Episode deutsch,Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 Episode uk, Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 Episode vf, Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 Episode wiki,trailer 2 Horizon - Season 39 Episode 4 Episode