During the Occupation, René Carmille, a graduate of the Ecole Polytechnique, founded what was to become INSEE and created the future national insurance number. This military officer, who became a manager in the Vichy administration, developed his modernist vision of mechanography, the forerunner of computer science, and increased the number of statistical surveys on the French population, at the risk of seeing them serve the antisemitic policy led by Pétain. But Carmille was pursuing a secret goal...